tablete ou prancheta
tablet para desenhos graficos
Um Tablete gráfico (ou mais conhecido Mesa digitalizadora) é
um dispositivo periférico de computador que permite a alguém desenhar imagens
diretamente no computador, geralmente através de um software de tratamento de
imagem. Tabletes gráficos consistem de uma superfície plana sobre a qual o
utilizador pode "desenhar" uma imagem usando um dispositivo
semelhante a uma caneta, denominado "stylus". A imagem geralmente não
aparece no tablete propriamente dito, mas é exibida na tela do computador.
É interessante notar que o "stylus", como
tecnologia, foi originalmente desenvolvido como parte do aparato eletrónico,
mas posteriormente, ele passou apenas a desempenhar o papel de um
"ponteiro" macio, porém preciso que não danificasse a superfície do
tablete ao "desenhar".
Histórico
Os primeiros tabletes gráficos, denominados spark ou tablete
acústico, usavam um stylus que gerava estalidos com uma vela de ignição. Os
estalidos eram então triangulados por uma série de microfones que localizavam a
caneta no espaço. O sistema era bastante complexo e caro, e os sensores eram
suscetíveis a interferências e ruídos externos.
O primeiro tablete gráfico a lembrar dos dispositivos
contemporâneos foi o Tablete RAND, também conhecido por Grafacon (de Graphic
Converter ou Conversor Gráfico), apresentado em 1964. O Tablete RAND utilizava
uma retícula de fios sob a superfície da cobertura do dispositivo, que
codificavam coordenadas horizontais e verticais em sinais magnéticos. O stylus
recebia o sinal magnético, que podia então ser decodificado como informação da
coordenada.
Digitalizadores tornaram-se relativamente populares em
meados dos anos 1970 e início dos anos 1980 devido ao sucesso comercial do ID
(Intelligent Digitizer) e BitPad, produzidos pela Summagraphics Corp. Estes
digitalizadores eram usados como dispositivos de entrada para muitos sistemas
CAD (Computer Aided Design) de alta capacidade, bem como eram fornecidos com
PCs e programas de CAD, como o AutoCad.
A Summagraphics também fez uma versão OEM do seu BitPad, que
era vendido pela Apple Computer como um acessório do Apple II. Estes tabletes
usavam uma tecnologia magneto-restritiva a qual empregava uma retícula feita de
uma liga especial esticada sobre um substrato sólido para localizar com
precisão a ponta do stylus ou o centro de um cursor digitalizador na superfície
do tablete. Esta tecnologia também permitia a medida da Proximidade ou eixo
"Z".
O primeiro tablete gráfico para um computador doméstico foi
o KoalaPad. Embora tenha sido originalmente projetado para o Apple II, o Koala
eventualmente ampliou sua aplicabilidade a praticamente todos os computadores
domésticos com suporte gráfico, entre os quais o TRS-80 Color Computer,
Commodore 64 e a família Atari de 8 bits. Tabletes concorrentes foram
eventualmente produzidos; os modelos fabricados pela Atari eram considerados
como de alta qualidade.
Os tabletes gráficos modernos funcionam de modo similar ao
Tablete RAND. Nos dispositivos modernos, contudo, os fios horizontais e
verticais da retícula são separados por um isolante fino. Quando é aplicada
pressão no tablete, o fio horizontal e o fio vertical associados com o ponto
correspondente da retícula se encontram, fazendo com que uma corrente elétrica
flua em cada um dos fios. Dado que uma corrente elétrica só está presente em
dois fios que se encontram, uma coordenada única para o stylus pode ser
recuperada. A detecção num dispositivo apontador é auxiliado acessoriamente por
um campo magnético fraco que se projeta aproximadamente uma polegada da
superfície do tablete. É importante observar que, diferentemente do Tablete
RAND, os tabletes modernos não necessitam de componentes eletrônicos no stylus
e qualquer ferramenta que forneça uma "ponta" precisa pode ser usada
sobre a superfície do tablete.
Os tabletes gráficos produzidos pela Wacom fazem uso
principalmente da tecnologia de indução eletromagnética, onde o próprio tablete
funciona como uma bobina transmissora e receptora. O tablete gera um sinal, o
qual é recebido por um circuito na caneta. Mudando a pressão no stylus ou
pressionando um comutador, muda a capacitância, a qual então se reflete no
sinal gerado pela caneta. Alguns ajustes modernos também fornecem informação de
pressão, mas os componentes eletrônicos para esta informação estão presentes no
miolo do stylus, não no tablete.
Tabletes gráficos estão disponíveis em várias faixas de
tamanho e preço; os de tamanho A6 são relativamente baratos enquanto os modelos
A3 são os mais caros. Os tabletes modernos geralmente se conectam ao computador
através de uma interface USB.
Uso geral
Tabletes gráficos, por causa de sua interface baseada em
caneta e (em alguns casos) habilidade para detectar pressão, inclinação e
outros atributos do stylus e sua interação com o tablete, são amplamente
considerados por fornecer um método bastante natural de criar gráficos de
computador, especialmente os bidimensionais. Com efeito, muitos pacotes
gráficos (por exemplo, Inkscape, Photoshop e GIMP) são capazes de fazer uso da
informação de pressão (e, em alguns casos, da inclinação da caneta) gerada por
um tablete e assim modificar atributos tais como tamanho do pincel, opacidade e
cor baseados nos dados recebidos do tablete gráfico.
No Extremo Oriente, tabletes gráficos ou tabletes à caneta
como são conhecidos por lá, são largamente usados em conjunção com programas de
edição de entrada para escrever em caracteres chineses, japoneses e coreanos. A
tecnologia é popular e barata, e entre outras, companhias tais como a
Twinbridge Software de Los Angeles, Califórnia, são capazes de fornecer um
tablete gráfico completo, com manuais técnicos em inglês e suporte ao usuário,
por cerca de US$ 100.
Tabletes são também muito populares para desenhos técnicos e
CAD, visto que se pode colocar uma folha de papel sobre os mesmos sem
interferir no seu funcionamento. Muitos dos mais bem sucedidos artistas que
desenham para a Internet usam tabletes para colorir diretamente no computador.
Finalmente, tabletes estão ganhando popularidade como
substitutos do mouse no papel de dispositivo apontador. Os defensores do seu
uso citam o alívio da LER e uma grande intuitividade como seus principais
atrativos.
Exemplos
Em sistemas avançados de gráficos de computador, o tablete
gráfico tem sido o dispositivo de entrada favorito. Alguns exemplos são:
Sistema de imagem Crosfield
Quantel Paintbox
Dispositivos similares
Dispositivos similares aos tabletes gráficos tais como
sistemas baseados em canetas ópticas, têm sido usados para controlar outros
dispositivos, como o computador musical Fairlight CMI.
Monitores touch screen são operados de modo semelhante, mas
geralmente ou usam retículas ópticas ou um filme sensível à pressão, e por isso
não precisam de um dispositivo apontador específico.
O desenvolvimento do Tablet PC é outro exemplo da integração
de tablete gráfico e tela.
Note : If you are seeking personal device in clipboard format, see Tablet PC .
A graphics tablet ( or better known tablet ) is a computer peripheral device that allows someone to draw pictures directly on your computer , usually via a software image processing . Graphics tablets consist of a flat surface on which the user can " draw" an image using a pen -like device , called " stylus " . This usually does not appear in the tablet itself , but is displayed on the computer screen .
Interestingly, the " stylus " as technology was originally developed as part of the electronic apparatus , but subsequently he spent only play the role of a "pointer " soft , but must not damage the surface of the tablet to " draw " .
history
The first graphics tablet, called spark or acoustic tablet , used a stylus that generated clicks with a spark plug . The clicks were then triangulated by a number of microphones that were located within the stylus . The system was very complex and expensive , and the sensors were susceptible to interference and background noise .
The first graphics tablet to remember of contemporary devices was the RAND Tablet , aka Grafacon ( for Graphic Converter or Graphic Converter ) , introduced in 1964 . The RAND Tablet employed a grid of wires under the surface of the housing of the device , which encode coordinates in horizontal and vertical magnetic signals . The stylus received the magnetic signal , which could then be decoded as coordinate information .
Scanners have become relatively popular in the mid 1970s and early 1980s due to commercial success of the ID (Intelligent Digitizer ) and BitPad produced by Summagraphics Corp. . These digitizers were used as input devices for many CAD ( Computer Aided Design ) systems, high capacity, and were provided with PCs and CAD programs such as AutoCad .
The Summagraphics also made an OEM version of its BitPad , which was sold by Apple Computer as an accessory to the Apple II . These tablets used a magneto- restrictive technology which used a grid made of a special alloy stretched over a solid substrate to accurately locate the tip of the stylus or the center of a digitizer cursor on the surface of the tablet . This technology also allowed Proximity or measure the " Z " axis.
The first graphics tablet to a home computer was the KoalaPad . Although originally designed for the Apple II , the Koala eventually broadened its applicability to practically all home computers with graphics support , including the TRS - 80 Color Computer , Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit family . Competing tablets were eventually produced ; models manufactured by Atari were considered high quality .
Modern graphics tablets work similarly to the RAND Tablet mode. In modern devices, however, the horizontal and vertical wires of the grid are separated by a thin insulator. When pressure is applied on the tablet , wireless horizontal and vertical wire associated with the corresponding point on the grid are causing an electric current to flow in each wire . Since an electric current is only present in two wires that are a single coordinate for the stylus can be recovered . Detecting a pointing device is incidentally aided by a weak magnetic field that protrudes about an inch from the surface of the tablet . It is important to note that, unlike the RAND Tablet , modern tablets require no electronics on the stylus and any tool that provides a " tip " may need to be used on the surface of the tablet .
Graphics tablets manufactured by Wacom mainly make use of electromagnetic induction technology, where the tablet itself works as a transmitter coil and receiver . The tablet generates a signal which is received by a circuit in the pen . Changing the pressure stylus or pressing a switch , changes the capacitance , which then is reflected in the signal generated by the pen . Some modern settings also provide pressure information , but the electronics for this information are present in the core of the stylus , not the tablet .
Graphics tablets are available in various ranges of size and price ; The A6 size are relatively cheap while the A3 models are the most expensive . Modern tablets usually connect to the computer through a USB interface.
general use
Graphic tablets , because of its pen-based interface and (in some cases ) the ability to detect pressure , tilt and other attributes of the stylus and its interaction with the tablet , are widely considered to provide a very natural method of creating computer graphics , especially two-dimensional . Indeed , many graphics packages ( for example, Inkscape , GIMP and Photoshop ) are able to make use of the pressure information ( and in some cases , the tilt of the pen ) generated by a tablet and so modify attributes such as brush size , opacity, and color based on data received from the graphics tablet .
In East Asia , graphics tablets or tablets to the pen as they are known there, are widely used in conjunction with editing input to write in Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters programs . The technology is popular and inexpensive , and among others , companies such as Twinbridge Software Los Angeles , California, are able to provide a complete graphics tablet , with technical support in English and user manuals , for about $ 100.
Tablets are also very popular for technical drawings and CAD , since you can put a sheet of paper on them without interfering with its operation . Many of the most successful artists drawing for Internet use tablets to color directly on the computer .
Finally , tablets are gaining popularity as a replacement in the role of mouse pointing device . Proponents cite the use of RSI relief and a great intuitiveness as its main attractions .
Examples
In advanced systems of computer graphics , the graphics tablet has been the favorite input device . Some examples are :
Imaging system Crosfield
Quantel Paintbox
Similar devices
Similar to devices such as graphic tablets based on optical systems pens have been used to control other devices such as the Fairlight CMI music computer .
Touch screen monitors are operated similarly , but generally use optical or reticles or pressure sensitive film , and therefore does not need a specific pointing device .
The development of the Tablet PC is another example of the integration of graphics tablet and screen.
Note : If you are seeking personal device in clipboard format, see Tablet PC .
A graphics tablet ( or better known tablet ) is a computer peripheral device that allows someone to draw pictures directly on your computer , usually via a software image processing . Graphics tablets consist of a flat surface on which the user can " draw" an image using a pen -like device , called " stylus " . This usually does not appear in the tablet itself , but is displayed on the computer screen .
Interestingly, the " stylus " as technology was originally developed as part of the electronic apparatus , but subsequently he spent only play the role of a "pointer " soft , but must not damage the surface of the tablet to " draw " .
history
The first graphics tablet, called spark or acoustic tablet , used a stylus that generated clicks with a spark plug . The clicks were then triangulated by a number of microphones that were located within the stylus . The system was very complex and expensive , and the sensors were susceptible to interference and background noise .
The first graphics tablet to remember of contemporary devices was the RAND Tablet , aka Grafacon ( for Graphic Converter or Graphic Converter ) , introduced in 1964 . The RAND Tablet employed a grid of wires under the surface of the housing of the device , which encode coordinates in horizontal and vertical magnetic signals . The stylus received the magnetic signal , which could then be decoded as coordinate information .
Scanners have become relatively popular in the mid 1970s and early 1980s due to commercial success of the ID (Intelligent Digitizer ) and BitPad produced by Summagraphics Corp. . These digitizers were used as input devices for many CAD ( Computer Aided Design ) systems, high capacity, and were provided with PCs and CAD programs such as AutoCad .
The Summagraphics also made an OEM version of its BitPad , which was sold by Apple Computer as an accessory to the Apple II . These tablets used a magneto- restrictive technology which used a grid made of a special alloy stretched over a solid substrate to accurately locate the tip of the stylus or the center of a digitizer cursor on the surface of the tablet . This technology also allowed Proximity or measure the " Z " axis.
The first graphics tablet to a home computer was the KoalaPad . Although originally designed for the Apple II , the Koala eventually broadened its applicability to practically all home computers with graphics support , including the TRS - 80 Color Computer , Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit family . Competing tablets were eventually produced ; models manufactured by Atari were considered high quality .
Modern graphics tablets work similarly to the RAND Tablet mode. In modern devices, however, the horizontal and vertical wires of the grid are separated by a thin insulator. When pressure is applied on the tablet , wireless horizontal and vertical wire associated with the corresponding point on the grid are causing an electric current to flow in each wire . Since an electric current is only present in two wires that are a single coordinate for the stylus can be recovered . Detecting a pointing device is incidentally aided by a weak magnetic field that protrudes about an inch from the surface of the tablet . It is important to note that, unlike the RAND Tablet , modern tablets require no electronics on the stylus and any tool that provides a " tip " may need to be used on the surface of the tablet .
Graphics tablets manufactured by Wacom mainly make use of electromagnetic induction technology, where the tablet itself works as a transmitter coil and receiver . The tablet generates a signal which is received by a circuit in the pen . Changing the pressure stylus or pressing a switch , changes the capacitance , which then is reflected in the signal generated by the pen . Some modern settings also provide pressure information , but the electronics for this information are present in the core of the stylus , not the tablet .
Graphics tablets are available in various ranges of size and price ; The A6 size are relatively cheap while the A3 models are the most expensive . Modern tablets usually connect to the computer through a USB interface.
general use
Graphic tablets , because of its pen-based interface and (in some cases ) the ability to detect pressure , tilt and other attributes of the stylus and its interaction with the tablet , are widely considered to provide a very natural method of creating computer graphics , especially two-dimensional . Indeed , many graphics packages ( for example, Inkscape , GIMP and Photoshop ) are able to make use of the pressure information ( and in some cases , the tilt of the pen ) generated by a tablet and so modify attributes such as brush size , opacity, and color based on data received from the graphics tablet .
In East Asia , graphics tablets or tablets to the pen as they are known there, are widely used in conjunction with editing input to write in Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters programs . The technology is popular and inexpensive , and among others , companies such as Twinbridge Software Los Angeles , California, are able to provide a complete graphics tablet , with technical support in English and user manuals , for about $ 100.
Tablets are also very popular for technical drawings and CAD , since you can put a sheet of paper on them without interfering with its operation . Many of the most successful artists drawing for Internet use tablets to color directly on the computer .
Finally , tablets are gaining popularity as a replacement in the role of mouse pointing device . Proponents cite the use of RSI relief and a great intuitiveness as its main attractions .
Examples
In advanced systems of computer graphics , the graphics tablet has been the favorite input device . Some examples are :
Imaging system Crosfield
Quantel Paintbox
Similar devices
Similar to devices such as graphic tablets based on optical systems pens have been used to control other devices such as the Fairlight CMI music computer .
Touch screen monitors are operated similarly , but generally use optical or reticles or pressure sensitive film , and therefore does not need a specific pointing device .
The development of the Tablet PC is another example of the integration of graphics tablet and screen.
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